Homework 1 drug metabolism 20 university of washington. See more ideas about fast metabolism diet, fast metabolism recipes and metabolic diet. Phase ii reactions involve conjugation of the drug with endogenous charged. I suggest planning out your meals like this for the week, making your 28 days on the fast metabolism.
In the second stage, cells degrade these molecules to a few simple units, such as acetyl coa, that are pervasive in metabolism. Phase i reactions involve hydrolysis, reduction and oxidation, exposing or introducing a functional group oh, nh 2. In this phase, we focus on targeting the adrenals and soothing psychological stress. Jul 01, 2017 in order to compare our empirical metid data with predictive phase i metabolism models, we performed calculations using meteor nexus,11 metaprint2d,1214 smartcyp15 and xenosite p450. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. The drug metabolism happening in the liver is termed as hepatic metabolism. The key difference between phase i and phase ii metabolism is that the phase i metabolism converts a parent drug to polar active metabolites while phase ii metabolism converts a parent drug to polar inactive metabolites metabolism drug metabolism is the anabolic and catabolic breakdown of drugs by living organisms. I grabbed a notepad and started taking notes, which developed into the cheat sheets im sharing with you. This results in activation or inactivation of the parent drug. Phase i reactions involve hydrolysis, reduction and oxidation, exposing or introducing a functional group oh, nh 2, sh or cooh to slightly increase hydrophilicity.
More generally, xenobiotic metabolism from the greek xenos stranger and biotic related to living beings is the set of metabolic pathways that modify the chemical structure of xenobiotics, which are compounds foreign to. Oct 23, 20 drug metabolism phase i and phase 2 usmlefasttrack. However, phase ii metabolism remains relatively preserved in the elderly. Although phase i drug metabolism occurs in most tissues, the primary and first pass site of metabolism occurs during hepatic circulation. Phase 1 metabolism involves chemical reactions such as oxidation most common, reduction and hydrolysis. It is highly variable among drugs and depends on biological conditions. This instruction set will detail how to boost your metabolism through 3 easy steps. Brain levels may therefore fall from those seen in the primary phase. This quiz has been uploaded to scribd by medical student james lamberg. See more ideas about fast metabolism diet, fast metabolism and food recipes. Phase ii reactions include glucuronidation, sulfation, acetylation, methylation, conjugation with glutathione, and conjugation with amino acids glycine, taurine and glutamic acid that strongly increase hydrophilicity. Metabolism or biotransformation the conversion from one chemical form of a substance to another. Click download or read online button to get metabolism revolution pdf book now.
As explained in great detail in other chapters see 5. Boosting your metabolism 101 pennsylvania state university. Its lengthy and if you have metabolism b symptoms, it may be worth trying. Phase i metabolism tends to be reduced in the elderly, along with polypharmacy, predisposing elderly patients to cyp450 related interactions. At p c y t o s o l e e c t r o n t r a n s p o r t chain. Download metabolism revolution pdf or read metabolism revolution pdf online books in pdf, epub and mobi format. Metabolism is an essential pharmacokinetic process, which renders lipid soluble and nonpolar compounds to water soluble and. Learn 1 phase 2 metabolism with free interactive flashcards. The enzymecatalyzed reactions of phase i metabolism bind oxygen, hydrogen, water, or amino acids to the lipophilic drug molecule to expose or introduce a hydroxyl oh, amino nh 2, sulfhydryl sh, or carboxyl cooh polar functional group, and thus, result in a modest increase in the parent drugs water solubility. The content is so presented to allow the reader to compare various processes simultaneously and can easily memorize and learn about the topic. The following are multiple choice questions in a style similar to those included in the usmle step 1.
The term metabolism is commonly used probably because products of drug transformation are called metabolites. Abnormal metabolism of fats lipids leading to abnormalities in the level of fats in the blood stream e. Filled with antioxidants, this drink improves blood circulation and helps the body burn fat. Drug metabolism phase i and phase 2 usmlefasttrack. Phase ii reactions involve conjugation by coupling the drug or its metabolites to another molecule, such as glucuronidation, acylation, sulfate, or glicine. Difference between phase i and phase ii metabolism. Phase 1 drug metabolism functional conversion to polar metabolites in preparation for conjugation. The presence of any of these functional groups except which of the following will allow a drug to enter phase ii biotransformation without first passing through phase i.
Phase ii enzymes undoubtedly play an important role in the detoxification of various xenobiotics. The content has been concisely summarized to help understand various steps involved in the phase 1 and pase 2 metabolism processes of xenobiotics. Estimated by measuring the heat released during direct oxidation of the fuel burning the total free energy for complete oxidation of 1 mole of glucose 180 gm. Phase i reactions include oxidation especially by the cytochrome p450 group of enzymes, also called mixedfunction oxidases, reduction, deamination, and hydrolysis. Phase i biotransformation reactions introduce or expose functional groups on the drug with the goal of increasing the polarity of the compound. When these enzymes interact with the toxic molecule, one. Attachment of new functional groups, transformation of exist. Cyp2c19 and cyp3a4 are the major players in the metabolism of benzodiazepines that undergo phase i metabolism figure 1. On the most basic level, metabolism is the process by which your body converts the food and water you consume into energy for immediate use or to be stored for later.
Define the terms metabolism, metabolic pathway, catabolism, and anabolism. The metabolism phase is absent for the few drugs that are not transformed. Phase i and phase ii biotransformation reactions catalyzed by xenobiotic biotransforming enzymes are generally divided into two groups. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 1. Heres a day in phase 1, complete with your breakfast, snacks, lunch, and dinner.
Choose from 500 different sets of 1 phase 2 metabolism flashcards on quizlet. Examples of phase i drug substrates are listed in table 41. These enzymes are found in high concentrations in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the liver. The terms in the table below are a collection of items from the lectures that you should be able to define and relate in a sentence or two to drug metabolism as set out in the notes. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Phase i reactions of drug metabolism involve oxidation, reduction, or hydrolysis of the parent drug, resulting in its conversion to a more polar molecule. An introduction to drug metabolism by michael d coleman 5. We really want to flood the body with nutrients that stimulate digestion and the metabolism. These processes allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. Fast mimicking of phase 1 and 2 metabolism of acetaminophen using the roxy ec system fast mimicking of phase 1 and 2 metabolism of acetaminophen using the roxy ec system fast mimicking of phase 1 and 2 metabolism of acetaminophen using the roxy ec system figure 1. Metabolism metabolism refers to all chemical reactions in an organism cellular metabolism includes all chemical reactions within cells provides energy to maintain homeostasis and perform essential functions. Try red tea detox program get all guidelines for fast weight loss in the fast metabolism diet plan pdf red detox tea is the best drink to stimulate metabolism.
In contrast, boosting your metabolism 101 provides a safe and effective guide to revving up your metabolism. Jan 09, 2015 when did my first read through of diane kresss metabolism miracle, i found it hard to keep all the details on the dos and donts of step 1 straight. Hence, drug metabolism is an important aspect of living systems. In this phase an existing functional group already presents in the drug molecule or created by phase i metabolism such as alcohol, phenol, amine is masked or inactivated by a process of. Recently, a third phase of metabolism has been proposed phase iii, in. This chapter will examine the different types of reactions involved in drug metabolism using the phase i and ii classification as a basis. Metabolism metabolism refers to all chemical reactions in an organism cellular metabolism includes all chemical reactions within cells provides energy to. Applied bio pharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics by leon shargel. There are three possible results of phase 1 metabolism. Drug metabolism is the metabolic breakdown of drugs by living organisms, usually through specialized enzymatic systems.
Ive seen lowcarb dieters panic when they see the list of foods for this phase because theyve been taught that carbs are bad. In phase i toxins are not completely transformed in the unhealthy liver. Understand how atp is formed from adp and inorganic phosphate p i, and vice versa. This energy doesnt only power your jog every action your body performs, including brushing.
Healthy function in the healthy intestine, most of the toxins are excreted, with only a small amount naturally absorbed and transported to the. R1 r2 r1 r2 oh o cooho oh oh o r1 r2 s o oo o r r2 r1 r2 r1 r2 o r1 r2 oh s hn o coonh2 o n cooexcretion phase i. Pharmacokinetics for pharmacokinetics describes the action. Metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that occur in living organisms in order to maintain life. I grabbed a notepad and started taking notes, which developed into the cheat sheets im sharing with you all today. When did my first read through of diane kresss metabolism miracle, i found it hard to keep all the details on the dos and donts of step 1 straight. In other words, the metabolites are pharmacologically inactive. Pdf on feb 1, 2005, p david josephy and others published phase i and phase ii drug metabolism.
Drug metabolism and excretion psychotropic drugs are removed from the body by two processes. Unhealthy function toxins and other harmful chemicals leak through the unhealthy intestine and flow to the liver. View the rest of my pharmacology videos in order be. In addition to the liver, every biological tissue of the body has the ability to metabolize drugs. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Phase ii of metabolism may or may not be preceded by phase i reactions. Drug metabolizing enzymes and biotransformation reactions 1 nalia at penner, caoline r woodward and, chandra prakash. Biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics by brahmankar pg no 9190 2. Introduction of a polar functional group or modification of an existing functional group in a drug molecule such that it becomes more polar.
The enzymecatalyzed reactions of phase i metabolism bind oxygen, hydrogen, water, or amino acids to the lipophilic drug molecule to expose or introduce a hydroxyl oh, amino nh 2, sulfhydryl sh, or carboxyl cooh polar functional group, and thus, result in. The fast metabolism diet plan pdf organic body detox. In order to compare our empirical metid data with predictive phase i metabolism models, we performed calculations using meteor nexus,11 metaprint2d,1214 smartcyp15 and xenosite p450. Understand how coenzymea is used to transfer acyl groups. One of them is gst or glutathione stransferases, which are a family of ubiquitously expressed polymorphic enzymes that are involved in the. The major p450 enzymes involved in metabolism of drugs or exogenous toxins are the cyp3a4, cyp1a1, cyp1a2, cyp2d6, and the cyp2c. Metabolism is an essential pharmacokinetic process, which renders lipid soluble and nonpolar compounds to water soluble and polar compounds so that. Drug metabolism is the phase of biochemical transformation of the drug. Structuremetabolismrelationships in the microsomal. In this phase, youre doing, at least, one day of vigorous cardio, like running, using the elliptical trainer, or taking an aerobics class.
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